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After a long period of anxiety and speculation, Brazilian and German conservationists were able to reintroduce a group of couples into their natural habitat. Their story is inspiring however, it is also filled with jealousies and backbiting.
The first challenge was finding enough birds to exchange. Macaws are monogamous, so the pairs had to be matched properly.
Range
A South African couple has taken on the task of saving the critically threatened Spix's Macaw. This bird was declared extinct by the United Nations in 2000 owing to decades of habitat destruction and poaching. They have a small population of the birds kept in captive, and are hoping to release them in the wild near Curaca. They call the birds little blue companions, and compare their experience with the journey of Presley the only known Spix's Macaw in the wild. They describe him a true survivor, who lost his family but was loyal to the region. They believe that their lives in Caatinga as similar to his, and feel a deep connection with him.
The discovery of the last Spix's macaw offered an excellent opportunity for researchers to examine its behavior in the wild and gain a better understanding of how the species survived such a long time. This also helped them make a more precise estimation of the historical population numbers of this rare bird. Researchers were able to gather crucial information on the bird's daily movements, seasonal adjustment to drought, and food habits. They even monitored attempts to reproduce using a hybrid Spix's and Illiger's macaws, which was an important step in the recovery of this species.
It was a remarkable achievement that this bird survived and thrived in the wild despite having a very small gene pool. This has helped scientists to better understand how these birds can be restored to the wild. The survival of the bird that was killed inspired people to take action in order to save other parrots as well as endangered species. It has also prompted zoos and other groups to set up their own captive breeding programs for these exotic birds.
This group is an illustration of how conservation groups as well as other organizations and individuals can work together in order to conserve endangered animals and wildlife. This group consists of Brazilian government officials, representatives from zoos, international owners of the Spix's glaucous macaw, and ornithologists to achieve one goal in common that is the recovery of this rare bird.
The group has completed a lot of work, including preparing plans for reintroducing the bird into the wild. The group has also worked to raise funds to support field research as well as community outreach and captive-breeding birds to support the reintroduction project. They have also formed a permanent committee to save the bird.
Habitat
Ten years ago the Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta Spixii) was considered extinct. It was endangered through habitat destruction and illegal poaching. Today, aviculturists and ornithologists continue to tirelessly work to bring this iconic bird back from the danger of extinction.
A popular animated movie and two sequels have made the Spix's macaw recognizable to millions of people worldwide However, this is only the tip of the iceberg in the long journey to bring these birds back from the brink. An international team has worked for decades to breed and reintroduce Spix's macaws born in captivity into the wild.
The Spix's macaw is native to a small area of northeast Brazil known as the Caatinga an arid area of flat savannah scrubland scattered with creeks that flow through the seasons and gallery forests. It was first documented in 1819 and is among the least-known Neotropical Parrots. There are only sporadic glimpses of the wild, with a few birds that are kept in captivity and a handful of museum specimens.
To protect the declining population, an international group was established. It brought together Aviculturists who owned the last remaining bird, as well as government officials. This group formed a collaboration with the world-renowned non profit organization Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation of Qatar to establish an initiative to restore the population of Spix's Macaws in their native environment.
AWWP has acquired and is recovering 2,380 hectares of Caatinga close to Curaca (Brazil) of the most pristine habitat. AWWP also breeds and raises birds to be released in the wild. This will provide a genetically-pure source of animals for the future generations.
In the wild, Spix's Macaws will live in trees, and are not often seen on the ground. They typically build nests in hollows or tree holes and hunt for fruits as well as seeds, nuts, and other plants. They can spend as much as one third of the time in the nest.
A local community was recruited as part of the field team in order to help to track Spix's macaws. The members of the community were provided watches that could be activated in the event the Spix's macaw keycaps was detected, allowing them to keep track of the birds and their daily movements in the wild. This method has proven to be extremely successful.
Diet
The Spix's Macaw is the only species of the genus Cyanopsitta. It was listed as extinct in the wild in the year 2019 by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature following the disappearance of the last known wild parrot disappeared in 2000. subsequent surveys failed to locate any additional birds. A reintroduction plan is currently underway to try to bring this critically endangered bird to its native home in the Caatinga.
This dry forest is a region of northeast Brazil that covers about 10 percent of the country. Spix's Macaws nested in the hollows of old caraibeiras, and they were also known to eat nuts and seeds.
A reintroduction program is now in progress to restore a wild population of the Spix's Macaw. Eight Spix's Macaws that were raised in captivity were released into the wild in June. Twelve more birds are expected to be released by 2022. They will be joined by a group Blue-winged Macaws which have been reintroduced. They will provide information on food sources, nesting sites and areas to roost.
The reintroduction program has obtained valuable biological data on the behavior of the bird, including information about the patterns of movement and adaptations to drought. It has also provided a window into the natural history of the Spix's Blondie scarlet macaw bird, helping to determine the causes that led to its disappearance in the wild.
Spix's Macaws consume the seeds, fruits, and nuts of many plants that are native to the Caatinga Biome. Pinhao-bravo and linhas Brasil, as well as facheiro (Pilosocereus Pachycladus) are all included in this diet. The acai palm (Acaia olive) and mofumbo (Combretum léprosum) fruits are also edible.
Spix's Macaws as with all parrots and other birds, are social birds that develop close bonds with their parents. They are vocal and often mimic other sounds and words. They make a mating call known as the "whichaka," which is described as a brief continuous grating sound similar to a flute note. They are often seen flying fast and high when they are in a breeding mood.
Breeding
Spix's macaws are exceptionally intelligent and social birds. They communicate through screeching, squawking, and other sounds. As with many parrots they are able to mimic human speech. They have a strict routine, which includes routines for bathing and flight. They also can recognize other members of their family. This is why they are the most sought-after pets and a target for illegal trade in birds.
By the early 1980s, only three Spix's Macaws were left in the wild, and all of them being poached. A plan to pair the last male and female was foiled in 1995, when poachers killed both birds. Since since then, all known Spix's macaws are captive-bred, mostly in Brazil.
The handful of Spix's macaws that are in captivity are a mixture of individuals who are descendants of only two individuals, making them at risk of disease and other environmental challenges. The majority of Spix's macaws captivity reside in a breeding centre in Germany. However this year, an agreement between a German conservation center and Brazilian government was canceled and future plans for repatriation and their reintroduction into the wild in doubt.
Despite their precarious number, captive-bred Spix’s macaws show some signs of improvement. This was evident when the Swiss breeder beat the sheikh of Qatar to buy three Spix's Macaws from a collector.
In part, due to this and other efforts the captive-bred bird population is beginning to increase, though not at a rapid rate. Keeping them healthy and producing is crucial to reintroduce the birds back into the wild. It is essential to choose the right birds before releasing them. Macaws must be of reproductive age and paired with close relatives or siblings.
Bringing the Spix's macaw back to the wild could prove difficult, but it is important to try. ABC and its partners have created reserves to safeguard the last remaining habitats of this species. The eight recently released Spix's macaws will be joined by blue-winged macaws, which are more common in the Caatinga and share areas with Spix's macaws. These intelligent birds will aid macaws to become accustomed to the region and will offer security in large numbers.